Paper-frame high-efficiency filters (HEPA) are high-performance air purification devices with a paper or composite paperboard frame and glass fiber filter paper as the filter material. They are mainly used to capture extremely fine particles (such as dust, smoke, and bacteria) larger than 0.3 μm. They are cost-effective, lightweight, and easy to install and replace, making them the mainstream choice for end-of-line filtration in clean environments. 1. Core application fields 1. Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing (main application) Used to control air dust and ensure product yield. Scenarios: Wafer lithography / etching rooms, chip packaging and testing workshops, LCD/OLED factories, hard disk / magnetic head workshops. Grade: ISO Class 4-7 clean rooms, commonly H13-H14 grades. Installation: FFU (fan-filter unit), clean room shelters, laminar flow hoods at the end. 2. Biopharmaceuticals and hospitals (sterile / high hygiene requirements) Pharmaceuticals: GMP A/B sterile filling lines, raw material drug workshops, laboratories. Medical: Operating rooms, ICUs, isolation wards, sterile dressing rooms, biosafety cabinets. Function: Intercept bacterial and virus aerosols to prevent cross-infection. 3. Food and cosmetics processing Scenarios: Baking, beverages, health supplements, cosmetics sterile filling / packaging workshops. Function: Filter air-borne microorganisms and dust to avoid product contamination. 4. Precision instruments and aerospace Scenarios: Optical lens

The normal service life of paper-frame high-efficiency filters is mostly between 6 and 12 months. In reality, there will be significant differences depending on the dirtiness of the usage environment. Here is a practical and commonly used reference range for you: 1. General service life reference Clean rooms, electronics factories, operating rooms, and pharmaceutical workshops have relatively clean environments and are protected by primary and intermediate filters → 6 to 12 months Spray workshops, woodworking workshops, cement plants, garbage stations, etc., with large amounts of dust and heavy oil stains → 3 to 6 months, or even shorter Office buildings, shopping malls, and ordinary central air conditioning environments have medium levels of dust → 9 to 12 months Home / commercial air purifiers → 8 to 12 months 2. Criteria for determining when to replace (more accurate than time) Generally, we do not strictly adhere to a fixed time. Look at these two points: The final resistance reaches about twice the initial resistance (usually when it reaches 400 to 450 Pa, it must be replaced) The air volume becomes significantly smaller, the air outlet is weak, or the cleanliness does not meet the standard Paper-frame high-efficiency filters cannot be cleaned

I. Standardize data collection and ensure accuracy from the source The detection instruments must be calibrated regularly Pressure differential meters, particle counters, temperature and humidity meters, etc. should be within the valid calibration period. The calibration certificate number should be recorded in the ledger to avoid errors in data caused by instrument inaccuracies. Unify data reading standards Ensure that the line of sight for pressure differential readings is perpendicular to the dial and be precise to two decimal places; for example, measure the temperature and air volume of the fan using a unified method to prevent human reading errors. Double-check critical data by two people For important data such as the final resistance of the high-efficiency filter and cleanliness testing, two people should read and confirm separately. If there is inconsistency, immediately re-measure. II. Implement on-site immediate recording to eliminate memory errors Adhere to recording while operating, fill in immediately after measuring the pressure differential and completing the cleaning. Prohibit recalling and supplementing after the fact. Avoid vague descriptions. All states should be quantified and filled in, for example, write “Pressure differential 280Pa, approaching the initial value by 1.5 times”, rather than simply writing “Normal”. III. Standardize record filling to

The retention period for the daily maintenance records of the air supply ceiling ( laminar flow ceiling ) depends mainly on industry regulations, product/project lifecycle, and the risk level of the clean area. There is no uniform “one-size-fits-all” figure across the country, but there are clear compliance guidelines in mainstream industries such as pharmaceuticals (GMP), medical devices, electronics, and food. 1. Pharmaceutical Industry (GMP): The strictest and most explicit Bottom line requirement: At least keep for 1 year after the expiration of the product Daily maintenance records (pressure difference, air velocity, cleaning, filter replacement, leak detection): At least 5 years (industry standard, default standard for audits) Sterile drugs, high-risk products (A/B class areas): Suggested to keep ≥ 10 years (or until the product is withdrawn) Key records (efficiency filter leak detection, replacement, verification): Long-term preservation (entire equipment lifecycle) 2. Medical Device Industry (GMP / Medical Device Production Specifications) Maintenance records for purification systems and air supply ceilings: At least 5 years Involving sterile, implantable: Suggested ≥ 5 years, or 3 years after product launch 3. Electronics Semiconductor / Precision Manufacturing (ISO 14644) Daily maintenance, particle monitoring, filter replacement records: At least 3 years Key process areas (such as 100-level /

Based on the paper partition / aluminum partition you previously asked about, I have compiled a set of filter selection steps that can be directly implemented in the project. This selection process takes into account various factors such as working conditions, cleanliness level, environment, and cost, and is very practical in engineering. 1. First, determine these 4 core conditions: Cleanliness level requirements For general ventilation and comfort air conditioning: Medium efficiency is sufficient, and high efficiency is usually not necessary. For 100,000-level and 10,000-level clean rooms: Initial efficiency + medium efficiency + high efficiency is required. For 100-level, 1,000-level: High efficiency / ultra-high efficiency filters must be used. Environmental temperature and humidity Normal temperature and dryness: Paper partition can be used for high efficiency. High temperature, high humidity, and steam sterilization: Aluminum partition must be used for high efficiency. Presence of corrosive and chemical gases For ordinary air: Paper partition is feasible. For acids, bases, and organic solvents: Only aluminum partition + anti-corrosion frame can be selected. Vibration and installation conditions Ceiling, quiet units: Paper partition can be used. Near the fan, high vibration: Aluminum partition should be preferred, as it is less prone to damage. 2. Select directly based

Based on the scenario of your negative pressure weighing chamber, I have clearly listed the differences and reasons for the replacement cycles of different types of high-efficiency filters, while also differentiating by structure, material, and application scenario, to facilitate your direct use in equipment management: 1. Classified by filtration efficiency grade Type Applicable scenarios Regular replacement cycle Reasons for cycle differences H13 High-efficiency Filter Negative pressure weighing room, normal clean area air supply 12 ~ 24 months The filter paper has an appropriate pore size and a moderate dust holding capacity, and is a mainstream configuration for the weighing chamber. H14 Ultra-High Efficiency Filter Highly active, sterile, and highly precise weighing 10 ~ 18 months Higher filtration accuracy, denser filter paper, faster increase in wind resistance, prone to clogging II. Classification by Filter Material Conventional Glass Fiber High-Efficiency Filter Period: 12-24 months Features: Large dust holding capacity, suitable for dry dust environments, high cost performance PTFE Coated High-Efficiency Filter Period: 8-12 months Features: Dust adheres only to the surface, not easily penetrable, but the surface is prone to accumulate dust and block, and the resistance rises rapidly; resistant to acid and alkali, resistant to humidity, suitable for frequent disinfection scenarios

The main differences between paper partitions and aluminum partitions in air filters lie in their materials, performance, application scenarios and costs: Paper partitions have lower costs, large dust-holding capacity but are not resistant to moisture / high temperatures / corrosion; they are mostly used in ordinary clean environments; Aluminum partitions have higher strength, are resistant to moisture, heat and corrosion, and have a long lifespan; they are mostly used in harsh conditions and high-grade clean rooms. I. Comparison of Core Materials and Structures Comparison item Paper partition filter Aluminum partition filter Separator material Cellophane / Corrugated Paper (treated with waterproof / flame-retardant properties) Aluminum alloy sheet (0.1 – 0.3mm, corrugated / flanged formed) Filter material High-efficiency / Ultra-high-efficiency filter materials (such as glass fibers) The same as the paper partition, the filter material specifications are the same. Framework Galvanized sheet, aluminum alloy, plastic frame Galvanized sheet, stainless steel, aluminum alloy frame Sealing method Hot melt adhesive, sealing tape Sealing strips, mechanical seals II. Key Performance Differences 1. Mechanical Strength and Stability Paper partition: Light in weight, average rigidity, prone to deformation and damage, especially under high wind speed, vibration or transportation; the spacing between partitions is prone to being uneven,

Based on the common scenarios of clean rooms and ventilation and air conditioning systems, the applicable scenarios of paper partition and aluminum partition air filters are separately organized, clearly distinguishing: Applicable scenarios of paper partition air filters Suitable for normal temperature, dry, non-corrosive, non-severe environments, seeking cost-effectiveness, allowing for regular replacement. End-of-line efficient filtration for ordinary central air conditioning systems General industrial plants, electronic factories, non-core clean areas of non-critical zones General packaging and storage areas in food processing workshops Ordinary office buildings, shopping malls, hospital general wards, corridors with ventilation Conventional clean rooms with low humidity and temperature requirements (up to 10,000-level and below) Projects with limited budget and seeking low initial procurement costs Applicable scenarios of aluminum partition air filters Suitable for high humidity, high temperature, vibration, high cleanliness levels, corrosive environments, requiring long-term stable use. Pharmaceutical factories: sterile workshops, freeze-drying workshops, wet heat sterilization rooms, etc. high-humidity areas Hospitals: operating rooms, ICU, sterile wards, biological laboratories Semiconductor, microelectronics: hundred-level / thousand-level high-level clean rooms Food factories: cooking, baking, high-temperature sterilization, etc. high-humidity and high-temperature production sections Laboratories, chemical sites: environments with acidic, alkaline, and chemical volatile gases Equipment with large vibrations, matching with air conditioning units, built-in

Yes! There are 5 practical tactics that directly extend the lifespan of the HEPA filter (saving money + complying with regulations) 1. Front-end dual-layer protection (the core and most effective) Regular replacement / washing of the primary filter The primary filter blocks large particles, fibers, and dust. When it gets dirty, don’t wash it; all the dirt is pushed to the high-efficiency filter. Operation: Disassemble and wash weekly. Mandatory replacement every 3-6 months. Strictly control the replacement cycle of the intermediate filter The intermediate filter is the “bodyguard” of the high-efficiency filter. It blocks quickly, and the high-efficiency filter has a short lifespan immediately. Standard: Must be replaced every 6-12 months; the dust in the dust chamber shrinks to 3-6 months. Rule: The intermediate filter costs more, but the high-efficiency filter saves more money. 2. Standardized startup + airflow management (reducing direct impact of dust on the filter) 10-15 minutes of self-cleaning before feeding to stabilize the internal airflow and capture the suspended dust with the pre-filter. Operation: Do not blow directly at the high-efficiency outlet with your hands, tools, or equipment; do not vigorously blow dust or pour materials. Do not operate the access opening frequently or keep it

1. First, differentiate by “filtration grade / material” 1. H13 fiberglass HEPA (most commonly used: negative pressure weighing room, clean booth, air conditioning terminal) Features: fiberglass filter paper, large dust capacity, resistant to dryness, mainstream industrial / pharmaceutical factory model Regular cycle: 12-24 months High dust / high activity conditions: 6-12 months Advantages: Anti-blocking, stable lifespan, standard for weighing room 2. H14 ultra-high efficiency fiberglass UPLA (A-level clean, sterile core area) Features: Higher filtration accuracy, denser filter paper, naturally higher resistance Regular cycle: 10-18 months (shorter than H13) Reason: Smaller pore size, more likely to be blocked by fine dust, pressure difference rises faster 3. PP/PTFE coated HEPA (waterproof, resistant to disinfection, humid working conditions) Features: Dense membrane surface, surface dust capacity (dust hangs on the surface, does not penetrate the filter paper) Cycle polarized: Dry dust: 8-12 months (easily clogged at the surface layer) Frequent wet disinfection / humid workshop: More durable than fiberglass, up to 12-15 months Prohibition: Cannot be forcefully blown, cannot wipe the membrane, one scrape will leak 4. High-temperature / chemical-resistant special HEPA (drying, VOC, strong acid environment) Ceramic / special fiberglass models: Strong structure, but filter layer is dense Cycle: 6-12 months, environmental corrosion

Key Installation Considerations for Air Distribution Ceilings (Filtration Hood / Clean Air Distribution Ceiling), On-site Construction + Acceptance Checklist I. Foundation Lifting and Structure (Prevent Deformation, Prevent Top Fall, Prevent Air Leakage) The lifting load must be borne independently. It is strictly prohibited to rely on color steel plates or ceiling keels for support; independent channel steel / screw rod lifting frames must be made, and the load should be reserved according to the ceiling’s own weight + maintenance margin. The spacing of the screw rods should be uniform, and diagonal reinforcement should be done to prevent long-term sagging, deformation, and cracking of the joints and air leakage. The levelness must be strictly controlled. The overall horizontal error should be ≤ ±2mm/m; Inclination will cause: Air flow deviation, local accumulation of dust, condensation water, and uneven sealing resulting in air leakage. Top static pressure box and air duct interface: Soft connections must be made to prevent the fan vibration from being transmitted to the ceiling, and long-term loosening of the seal and screws. II. Sealing and Air Leakage Prevention (Installation Determines Later Cleanliness, Top Priority) All joint seams, flange openings, and maintenance openings: Use neutral anti-mold silicone sealant, continuous and

Air supply ceiling high-efficiency filter (on-site standard installation steps) (Adapted for operating rooms / GMP cleanroom laminar air supply ceilings, can be directly handed over for construction) I. Pre-installation preparation (critical, prevent later dust leakage, leak detection failure) On-site: Thoroughly vacuum the ceiling / ceiling static pressure box interior + wipe with dust-free cloth, no welding slag, floating dust, or debris; cover the air outlets with film protection throughout. Personnel: Wear clean clothes, gloves, and masks. Do not touch the filter material or sealing surface with bare hands. Inspection: Check the model H13/H14, size, appearance; filter surface without damage, no cracking of the adhesive; record the initial resistance of the filter at the factory and file it. Supplies: Sealing strips are intact and without deformation; frames and screws are complete. II. Pre-installation sealing and cleaning Smoothly attach the sealing strips to the pressure-bearing surface of the filter frame, without stretching, without wrinkles, without breaks. Again wipe the contact surface of the installation flange of the static pressure box to ensure it is clean and dry, without dust, oil stains. III. Positioning installation (core anti-leak section) Smoothly insert the high-efficiency filter into the installation position, center alignment, and attach the sealing