In GMP pharmaceutical workshops, QC laboratories, raw material dispensing, high-potency powder handling, and pathogenic microorganism testing, both negative pressure weighing booths and biological safety cabinets feature negative pressure protection. Many users confuse the two and mistakenly substitute one for the other, which may lead to cross-contamination of products, personnel exposure, and non-compliance during qualification audits. Although both rely on negative pressure airflow to contain aerosol dispersion, they differ completely in design orientation, protected targets, airflow patterns, protection levels and applicable working conditions. This article analyzes the equipment from core principles, protection objectives, classification, application scenarios, key distinctions and selection guidelines.